ADHD

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is defined as a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. According to the DSM-5-TR standards utilized by the American Counseling Association (ACA), the diagnosis requires symptoms to be present in two or more settings (such as home, school, or work) and to have existed prior to age 12. Counselors categorize the presentation into three types: Predominantly Inattentive, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive, or Combined. Rather than viewing it solely as a behavioral issue, counselors treat ADHD as a neurodevelopmental condition that requires a combination of behavioral strategies, environmental modifications, and emotional support to manage executive functioning deficits.